Unit Objectives for Chemistry

PS-7 Aqueous Reactions: Solutions, equilibria & acid/base theory- Solution chemistry is a fundamental concept in chemistry as it provides a mechanism for exploring the chemical nature of many materials. Most of life involves the interaction of soluble particles in aqueous environments and understanding how solutions function is essential to studying science.

7.1 Properties of water

   7.1.1 Describe the chemical and physical properties of water using the molecular structure of water

   7.1.2 Explain why water is commonly considered the “universal solvent”

7.2 Solutions

   7.2.1 Describe the composition of a solution

      Key Terms: solvent, solute, solutions, colloids & suspensions

   7.2.2 Explain how solutions are formed

      Key Terms: dissolution, solvation, dissociation, ionization, intermolecular attractions, sphere of hydration

   7.2.3 Predict the solubility of substances based on chemical composition

      Key Terms: solubility, saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated, lattice energy, polarity

   7.2.4 Describe how temperature & pressure can affect the solubility different substances

      Key Terms: Henry’s Law, solubility curve

   7.2.5 Describe how concentration is measured & calculate different types of concentration measures

      Key Terms:  Molarity, mass percentage, molality

   7.2.6 Describe qualitatively and quantitatively the changes in concentration from dilution

   7.2.7 Calculate volume of solutions required in chemical reactions using stoichiometric calculations

7.3 Colligative properties of solutions

   7.3.1 Describe qualitatively and quantitatively the boiling point elevation of a solvent

   7.3.2 Describe qualitatively and quantitatively the freezing point depression of a solvent

   7.3.3 Calculate changes in vapor pressure of solvents using Rauolt’s Law