Priority standard (PS), Target Standard (TS), Learning
objectives (listed by 3-number code)
PS-4 Chemical Bonding –
Atoms combine through the redistribution of electrons producing compounds. By
understanding the nature of chemical bonding students are able to predict
properties, interactions and reactivity of many substances.
TS-4.1 Ionic bonding- Ionic
compounds (salts) are formed through the transfer of electrons from less
electronegative elements to more electronegative elements
4.1.1 Explain how elements form ions through the loss (oxidation) or gain (reduction) of electrons.
Key Terms:
Octet rule, cation, anion, monatomic ion, polyatomic ion, oxidation/reduction
(Redox)
4.1.2 Determine the charge of the ion of Representative Elements (Group A) based on the relative position on the periodic table
Key Terms:
Lewis-dot diagram, single vs. multiple oxidation states
4.1.3 Predict formulas for ionic compounds
Key Terms:
Percent composition, formula mass, Law of definite proportions, Law of multiple
proportions
4.1.4 Determine names for ionic compounds given chemical formulas
TS-4.2 Covalent bonding-
Molecules are composed of atoms that share electrons by overlapping valence
shells
4.2.1 Explain how electrons are shared in covalent bonding
4.2.2 Determine names for covalent compounds given molecular formulas
Key Terms:
empirical, molecular & structural formulas
4.2.3 Determine Lewis structures given molecular formulas
Key Terms:
bond pairs vs. lone pairs, formal charge, octet rule exceptions—expansion &
contraction,
4.2.4 Differentiate
between types of covalent bonds based on the number of shared electrons
4.2.5 Use VSEPR theory to describe molecular structures
Key Terms:
Single, double & triple covalent bonds, coordinate covalent bonds, resonance
4.2.6 Draw
geometric (structural) formulas using VSEPR
4.2.7 Describe
bond polarity in terms of differences in electronegativity
4.2.8 Describe
dipole moments (polar molecules) using bond polarities and geometric formulas
4.2.9 Explain how intermolecular attractions (van der Waals forces) work in molecules
Key Terms: dipole/dipole, hydrogen bonds, ion/dipole, London dispersion forces
TS 4.3 Metallic bonding- Metal
atoms are combined through delocalized electrons which form temporary
electrostatic attractions
4.3.1 Describe the nature of metallic bonds
Key Terms:
delocalized electrons, alloys
TS 4.4 Comparing bonds and compounds- Physical properties of different
compounds are dependent upon the types of bonds which form them.
4.4.1 Describe
bonding using electronegativity differences between elements
4.4.2 Compare and contrast the physical properties of ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds
Key Terms:
Crystalline solids (salts), lattice energy, high melting & boiling points,
solubility